Jaws may not be one of the greatest films of all time. It’s no Casablanca, Godfather or Citizen Kane. However, its imprint on popular culture cannot be denied. Read More
Jaws may not be one of the greatest films of all time. It’s no Casablanca, Godfather or Citizen Kane. However, its imprint on popular culture cannot be denied. The movie’s tagline alone — “Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water” — has become one of the most famous in
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Jaws may not be one of the greatest films of all time. It’s no Casablanca, Godfather or Citizen Kane. However, its imprint on popular culture cannot be denied.
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The movie’s tagline alone — “Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water” — has become one of the most famous in film history. And with the blockbuster movie, unbelievably, turning 50 next month, a new wave of interest in Jaws is sweeping popular culture.
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Merch sales are skyrocketing. Universal Pictures is releasing a special 50th anniversary edition of Jaws (on disc and digital), which includes a new documentary and five hours of bonus features. Special screenings of the movie are taking place at parties across North America. Martha’s Vineyard (where Jaws was filmed) is hosting a week of special anniversary events. And, the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will open a special Jaws exhibition later this year.
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So, why are so many people still interested in a movie released half a century ago, on June 20, 1975? Well, film experts dissecting the movie — a story of a great white shark terrorizing the beach resort of Amity Island — say it’s a classic. The movie explores many of the classic conflicts found in art: man vs. nature, man vs. self and man vs. man. It’s also a shining, suspenseful example of how one person can indeed make a difference and right a wrong.
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But perhaps renowned film critic Roger Ebert said it best: “It’s one hell of a good story, brilliantly told.”
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“Jaws is a great adventure movie of the kind we don’t get very often anymore,” Ebert wrote years ago, before his death. “It’s clean-cut adventure, without the gratuitous violence of so many action pictures. It has the necessary amount of blood and guts to work — but none extra.”
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Ebert, columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the movie four out of four stars.
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“The impact of Jaws simply cannot be overstated,” Empire movie magazine said in giving Jaws spot number six on its list of the 100 best movies of all time.
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Catchphrases from the movie have wormed their way into our popular culture. (Example? It’s something we’ve all heard or said: “You’re gonna need a bigger boat.”) The movie’s plot — a killer shark waiting just off the shoreline for unsuspecting victims — has been implanted in the brains of generations of terrified swimmers. And, Jaws became the impetus for decades of interest in sharks on television, in music and in video games, ranging from Shark Week and Sharknado to Shark Tank, Baby Shark, Hungry Shark . . . the list is a long one.
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How did Jaws change the world of movies?
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Cultural references aside, Jaws started the movie movement known as a summer blockbuster — a flick designed to attract summer audiences that almost everyone ultimately feels they need to see to avoid being left out of the zeitgeist of the season.
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As a result, Jaws even merits an entry in Encylcopaedia Britannica’s online site: “The film not only broke box office records after its release but also changed the way Hollywood marketed and distributed films, especially those released during the summer.”
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Jaws demonstrated that hit movies could be released in the summer. Before Jaws, summer had usually been the season when less stellar films were sent to theatres.
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It also changed how movies were usually released. Often, a movie would be released in a few large markets and it would then filter across North America to other cinemas. Not so with Jaws. More than 400 theatres featured the big shark on their big screens immediately upon Jaws’ opening weekend a half century ago.
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Jaws producers also decided to go big with television advertising spots for the flick, which wasn’t a common practice 50 years ago. Newspaper advertising was also key and was a daily occurrence in many markets. Marketing for the movie showed that a massive distribution on an opening weekend, along with a healthy dose of advertising, could effectively move the needle in creating buzz and getting audiences to theatres.
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Why was the movie so special?
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For starters, the script was powerful; the characters were well written; and, the movie was well acted.
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“It’s populated with characters that have been developed into human beings we get to know and care about,” Ebert once wrote.
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Empire magazine agrees that “deeply layered” characters and compelling dialogue were key to the movie’s success, but says it was director Steven Spielberg himself who was the real star. Pointing to “mind-bending dolly zooms” and shots filmed from the shark’s point of view, Spielberg was called remarkable.
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“His work here is a pure display of cinematic mastery from first minute to last,” Empire said.
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Jaws garnered rave reviews across the continent. As Calgary Herald entertainment writer Jamie Portman noted at the time, the movie deserved to be a hit.
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“It is an outstanding movie achievement and a testament to the brilliance of youthful 27-year-old Steven Spielberg,” Portman wrote. “It is fascinating. It is unbelievably exciting. And it at times is almost unbearably harrowing.”
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How did Jaws move from book to movie?
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Jaws the movie was based on the book of the same name by Peter Benchley (1940-2006.)
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Benchley, a journalist, had been interested in sharks and shark attacks for years, with a particular interest in a shark hunter (later a shark conservationist) named Frank Mundus. Mundus was known as a colourful character and once caught a great white shark weighing up to 4,500 pounds (2,041 kilograms.)
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Benchley’s interest in the story prompted him to create and write the fictional story of Jaws, which was published by Doubleday in 1974. The hard cover edition of the book was on the bestseller list for 44 weeks and the paperback edition later sold millions more copies. The book caught the attention of two producers at Universal Pictures who bought film rights for the book and ultimately hired Spielberg to direct a movie version.
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The producers initially considered two other directors before choosing Spielberg, but neither of the original two choices worked out. Spielberg had just finished directing his first theatrical film, called The Sugarland Express, for the same two producers. They were impressed by his directorial work on a TV movie called Duel and decided he was the right director to bring a new level of suspense to Jaws.
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Benchley was involved in several drafts of the Jaws movie script, but eventually it was turned over to a number of other writers for further drafts and rewrites. Spielberg wanted to keep a number of the book’s sub-plots out of the movie and instead focus on the hunt for the great white shark. Benchley had a cameo appearance in the movie, acting as a news reporter on the beach in one scene.
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When tasked with the complexities and special effects needed in Jaws, Spielberg quickly went over budget and shooting took much longer than expected. To make the movie look as realistic as possible, Spielberg wanted to do the ocean shots on the ocean, as opposed to using a more convenient inland body of water or even a water tank. That took time and patience. It also meant Jaws was the first big movie that was actually set on an ocean and shot on the ocean.
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Spielberg told Time magazine that the process was a real pain, but necessary to achieve what he wanted to achieve: “I could have shot the movie in a tank or even in a protected lake somewhere, but it would not have looked the same.”
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How could any sequel match the success of the original Jaws?
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Well, in short, it couldn’t. Three sequels followed: Jaws 2 (1978), Jaws 3-D (1983), and Jaws: The Revenge (1987.) While the sequels made money, they weren’t big hits with the fans or the critics.
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“An idiotic script sinks the whole show,” film reviewer Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune said in a videotaped segment about the final sequel. In particular, he took the movie’s use of dream sequences to task: “Why do they do that in the movie? If there’s anything that annoys an audience, it’s the dream sequence. I hate that stunt. It’s old. It’s cheap. It’s a lousy gimmick. And I wish they would stop doing it.
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“Let’s hope this is the end of the Jaws series,” Siskel continued. “The first film was thrilling and well acted. The rest have been trash.”
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Why does Jaws still matter 50 years after its release?
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Jaws is a powerful reminder that excellence in filmmaking isn’t always equated with mega budgets. At the time, Jaws grossed $100 million US within 60 days, which was a record achievement back then. It broke box office records previously set by other movies of the early 1970s, such as The Exorcist and The Godfather. Jaws ultimately grossed $470 million US around the world, after being made for under $9 million US. It was the highest grossing movie in history until Star Wars took that title a couple of years later.
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The movie not only led the way for the creation of the aforementioned summer blockbuster; it proved the power of suspenseful shows in terms of being able to attract significant audience and significant revenue.
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Jaws also demonstrated the irreplaceable feeling of watching a big movie on a big screen alongside a few hundred strangers. To have hundreds of others occasionally jump or scream at the same movie moment is a unique feeling. Just ask anyone who saw Jaws in a movie theatre 50 years ago.
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Another claim to fame for Jaws was its effective use of music. The theme song, based on the repetition of two notes being played one after another, became recognizable around the world. The composer, John Williams, won an Academy Award for the movie’s musical score and the American Film Institute many years later ranked it as the sixth-greatest movie score.
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Other bits and bites from Jaws
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- Jaws won a total of three Academy Awards; the aforementioned Best Original Dramatic Score award and the awards for Best Sound and Best Film Editing. It also garnered a nomination as Best Picture, but lost to One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.
- At one point before production on the movie started, producers debated the idea of trying to train and use a living great white shark in the movie. It quickly became apparent the idea would never work.
- Instead, the shark used in most of the scenes was actually one of three mechanical sharks, nicknamed Bruce. Up to 40 special effect workers spent time producing the sharks. Sometimes, those sharks didn’t work perfectly, leading some workers on the set to call the movie Flaws, according to a Roanoke Times article published on the 30th anniversary of the movie.
- The movie also contained footage of real sharks, filmed in Australia. To make sharks in that footage appear larger, a short actor in a smaller-than-usual shark cage was used in shots.
- The three principal actors in Jaws spent so much time on the water shooting scenes that they often got seasick.
- The movie was originally scheduled to shoot for 55 days. Instead, it took 159 days, leaving Spielberg to tell journalists it left him worrying this would ruin his career.
- Spielberg told costume and set designers on the movie to avoid using anything red in terms of backgrounds or the actors’ wardrobes so that when red blood would appear in a dramatic scene, it would be even more jarring to someone watching the flick.
- Spin-off merchandise from the movie has included everything from Jaws-theme purses and beach bags to tub toys and whisky glasses. One of the strangest items, a Japanese bath bomb, is shaped like a little blue boat, but as it dissolves in bath water a toy shark appears, along with an ample supply of blood-red liquid.
- In 2016, Tragically Hip lead singer Gord Downie sported a Jaws T-shirt for some performances during the band’s final tour before his death. Why? Well, some speculated the shark represented the cancer that would ultimately take his life. His stylist told media the T-shirt was a personal item that Downie decided to wear.
- Craving more shark content? Don’t worry. Discovery channel’s Shark Week is only a few weeks away, July 6-13, 2025.
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Sources: Postmedia archives, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Empire Magazine, the Roanoke Times, the Academy of Motion Pictures, Time Magazine, Universal Pictures, and The Shark is Still Working.
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